Public Retirement System Governance

State Retirement System Governing Authority Arrangements

   Introduction

Previous chapters in this series on governance of public retirement systems have provided an overview of the role governance plays in state retirement systems and the role of specific entities—the legislature, the chief executive, and the retirement board—in the governance process. This chapter describes the various arrangements used to provide oversight of retirement system operations and to invest assets. 

The information in this overview is based on NASRA’s dataset of public retirement system governance elements, which contains data on more than 150 public retirement boards. This article focuses on 120 boards, three sole trustees, and four systems with non-traditional governance arrangements, that provide oversight of state retirement systems and investment functions; this overview does not include information regarding boards and other entities that oversee retirement systems sponsored by local governments.

The appendix lists the boards and sole trustees that are included in this overview.

Date published

July 2024

Contact

Keith BrainardResearch Director
Alex Brown, Research Manager

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 Public Pension Governance Stakeholder Roles  

   Introduction

Public retirement system governance pertains to the systems and processes that comprise oversight of retirement benefits for employees of state and local government. The governing structure in the U.S., manifest chiefly in the U.S. Constitution, 50 state constitutions, and state laws, is designed to disperse power among different groups and individuals so as to prevent one group from accumulating excessive authority in one area. The principle of dispersed power holds true with public pensions: generally, no one group or person has complete authority over public retirement systems. Rather, as described below, different groups and individuals have different levels and types of responsibility to govern the retirement system and its chief components: the plan, i.e., the benefit structure and how it’s paid for, and the fund—the assets and how they’re managed and invested.

This paper follows and builds on the NASRA publication, Overview of Public Pension Plan Governance, first published in November 2019, by focusing on the respective role certain groups and individuals—the legislature, the governor, retirement system boards, and retirement system staff—play in public pension plan governance.

Date published

May 2020

Contact

Keith BrainardResearch Director
Alex Brown, Research Manager

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  Overview of Public Pension Plan Governance  

   Introduction

Although often overlooked or misunderstood, governance–defined as the systems and processes that comprise the oversight and control of an organization–plays an important role in the performance of a state or local government retirement system. Public retirement systems are established under state statutes, local ordinances, or both, and subject to fiduciary, investment, and administrative laws, which both grant authority to, and place restrictions on, entities responsible for one or more key areas of plan governance. This overview is intended to summarize the laws and rules that govern public plans, and the range of entities typically responsible for them. Common law trust laws, as well as the prudence and fiduciary standards required by them, also govern public pensions. Because every public retirement system and pension plan, including its governance structure, is unique, the description provided in this introduction is intended to illustrate typical arrangements and will not apply to every state, system, and plan. Subsequent publications will address some of these unique or atypical governance arrangements. 

Date published

November 2019

Contact

Keith BrainardResearch Director
Alex Brown, Research Manager

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Become A Member

Becoming a member of NASRA offers a unique opportunity to join a community committed to the sound, efficient, and innovative stewardship of public retirement systems. Membership connects you with a network of professionals and experts, providing valuable insights into managing public retirement systems with a focus on sustainability and risk-averse strategies.

By joining NASRA, you gain the tools and resources to enhance the management of public retirement systems, ensuring their long-term success and reliability for generations to come.

What's New at NASRA: Updated Cost of Living Issue Brief

Cost-of-Living Adjustments (COLAs) play a significant role in public pensions. They help retirees keep up with rising prices, but they also add costs to pension plans. Policymakers and plan sponsors are tasked with balancing three things: benefits adequacy, plan sustainability, and affordability for members and plan sponsors.
The recent increase in inflation caused many policymakers and, in some cases pension trustees, to review how benefits are designed and paid for, including the way COLAs are granted and funded. NASRA’s recently updated issue brief on the lates trends in COLAs is available in the NASRA Research Center.